Criminology 4

 AO1 - Tulving (1967) Leading figure in memory research Based on MSM idea of LTM They suggest there is a difference between episodic memory (remembering a family holiday) and genera memory. (knowing the country is in a continent) DIfferent typed of LTM: Procedural memory is memory on how to do things. Autobiographical memory means episodes from your life and come from experiences you have had Long term memory types are declarative and procedural. Declarative leads to episodic and semantic. Episodic- Memory of particular events and specific information. They involve the element of the individual and their experiences. They are autobiographical. They seem to be perceptually encoded and are linked to the 5 senses. IT is stored according to how its experienced and the time and place. Semantic -  The memory of relationships and how things fit together. This included the memory that you have siblings, where things are located and what they do. They are not usually stored with tempor...

Firstly, my questionnaire lacks generalisability. My sample is limited due to it being a volunteer sample so the sample is bias to an extent. Due to it being a volunteer sample there were only 12 participants that took part and the majority of the participants were female (83.3%). Therefore, it does not represent the wider society's views towards obedience in gender and in different situations. Also, my questionnaire was high in test re test reliability. This is because all my participants had the same questions and they were worded in the same exact way and in the same order. I ensured this happened by sending all the participants the same link to my questionnaire to answer them. Therefore, this meant my questionnaire's results would be more reliable because when the answers were submitted by participants, google form presented the new quantitative results each time another questionnaire was submitted. Furthermore, my questionnaire is high in ecological validity. My aim before...

 Aim: The aim of my questionnaire is to investigate perceptions of gender difference in obedience and different situations. Hypothesis - My prediction is that their will be difference in obedience levels found amongst women compared to men. There will be no difference between men and women if there is it will only be due to chance. Procedure: Methodology - I decided to carry out my practical through a questionnaire this is when you read questions and it is followed up by a written response, this could be sentences or tick options. Questionnaires usually don't take place face to face. If they do take place face to face the researcher must not communicate with the participant for any reasons other than explaining something to them. I chose to use a questionnaire because of its key strengths like the fact participants do not feel influenced to give a answer because the researcher is not present, the questionnaire can be done anonymously so the participants are more likely to be honest...

 Unit 3.3 - Presenting your case for action Using evidence to support your case - Justifying the following aspects of your campaign: Why you chose your campaign name or tagline Your methods, including why they would be appropriate and effective in achieving your aim Your target audience, who they are and why they would be appropriate and effective in achieving your aim Your designs, images, text and layout: what and why they would be effective Finance; explain why your campaign would be financially viable Explain why you feel your timescale for the campaign is realistic Any other points you want to make Your use of persuasive language - You need to justify your use of persuasive language

 Unit 3.2 - Designing your materials Structuring your information - You need to make sure the message has a sensible, logical structure. Like, are the ideas in the right order? Are you repeating yourself? Have you proofread for spelling, punctuation and grammar errors. Layout - This is important in whatever materials your are using. You might also consider the amount of information you include to make sure that your materials are not cluttered. The amount of information you include will depend on the type of material you are using. Like, you can't fit as much on a mug as you would on a leaflet Using images and other ways of capturing attention -  It is important that your campaign materials capture people's attention and enable you to get your message across. A number of ways can be used to do this. Images -  This is the most obvious way of grabbing people's attention a well chosen image can make a powerful impact. The image needs to communicate the message of the campaig...

Unit 3.1 - Planning your campaign Which crime should you choose? You should create a campaign for an under reported or hidden crime. This could be a crime from among the ones covered in topic 1.1. Like white collar crimes, moral crimes, state crimes, technological crimes and individual crimes including hate crime, 'honour' crime and domestic abuse. What aspects do you need to address? Your aims Your objectives Justifying your choice of campaign Your target audience Your methods and materials Finances Timescales Other resources you will need Your aims -  The aim or aims of your campaign are the things you hope to achieve. The campaign may have more than one aim, however you shouldn't have too many that you lose focus. The focus should be on one or more of the different purposes of campaigns that have been studied in the topic before. The campaigns may aim to change a law or a policy, or the priorities of an agency. They may also want to change funding or change peoples aware...

 Unit 2.2 - How campaigns use the media to bring about change Blogs: They have risen in popularity with increased use of internet. Blogs usually contain information or discussions. People write blogs on a large range of topics. Normally a blog would be written by an individual person, but improvements in technology and the increase of popularity for this type of information exchange has led to the development of multi author blogs (MABs). They are now produced by businesses, media groups and campaigns as well as by individuals. An example - Unlock This is the organisation that campaigns to help people who have a criminal conviction, uses a blog to promote their work. The blog is like a diary that gives regular and detailed updates on the progress of the current campaigns. This can be useful for people who are already aware of the organisation and would like to be kept up to date with the newest developments. Campaign directors can also provide information directly to anyone who acc...

 Introduction: The agency theory is the relationship between someone who is an authority figure in society or someone you look up to as an authority figure and someone who is agents in society and agents towards the people they class as an authority figure. It is when someone believes the authority figure will take responsibility for the consequences of their actions. My aim that i want in my practical is to investigate obedience in genders and different situations. I believe that i will find that a difference in obedience will be shown through the different genders and situations. Method: I chose to do my practical through a questionnaire  because it is structured unlike an interview. I used some open ended questions because it allowed respondents to answer the questions in a way that they choose to. This ensures the respondents don't feel restricted about how they answer their question. i also used closed ended questions because it meant it was easier to score for quantitati...

 Unit 2.1 - Compare campaigns for change Policies - the plans and actions of government departments and agencies, such as the police and courts, schools and colleges, the welfare system, the NHS, social services, local authorities and other public bodies. Laws - policies are usually based on laws introduced by government and passed by Parliament Laws provide the framework within which government agencies operate. They set out the standards, procedures and principles that government agencies operate. They set out the standards, procedures and principles that government agencies must follow to carry out the governments policies. For example, the law lays down the circumstances under which the police can legally carry out a stop and search policy Campaigns to change policies - These campaigns will often be directed at political parties and at the government, but also at other organisations. By influencing the view of political parties, campaigners will hope to bring about change more ...