Criminology 4

  1. For how long had adultery been a crime in India?​ 158 years 2. How was the crime of adultery defined? ​ 'Married women are not a special case for the purpose of prosecution for adultery. They are in any way situated differently than men' Mr shine said 'Indirectly discriminates against women by holding an erroneous presumption that women are the property of men' 3. Why do you think there is no data for prosecutions under this law? ​ ...... 4. Summarise who challenged the law and why. ​ Joseph Shine who is a 41 year old Indian business man living in Italy petitioned the Supreme court to strike down the law. His argument was that it discriminated against men by only holding them liable for extra marital relationships, while treating women like objects. In his 45 page petition, Mr Shine liberally quotes from American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson, women rights activist Mary Wollstonecraft and former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan on gender equality and the rights of ...

 Learning objectives Define and apply at least 5 key terms Recall an outline of the contemporary study using the APRC framework and provide the background to the study Evaluate the contemporary study using the GRAVE framework Work collaboratively in pairs/groups to form ideas and critique the study Shmock et al -Brain damage in patient H.M (Henry Malaison) Background: Investigated a group of patients who had all experienced brain damage and loss of memory. (amnesia) Most famous patient in the study was H.M - 1926-2002 Had brain surgery for his epilepsy in 1953 -  involved the removal of the hippocampus and suffered amnesia as a result. Important parts to focus on H.M brain - Hippocampus, temporal lobe and amygdala Epilepsy notes- It is a neurological condition - affects brain and nervous system. over 500,000 people in UK suffer from epilepsy. 1% so 1 in 100 people Also a physical condition due to seizures, 40 types of seizures 3% of people with epilepsy will be affected by fla...

 Unit 2 - criminological theories Topic 1.1 - compare criminal behaviour and deviance Norms, values and moral codes: This topic is about crime and deviance, about their meaning and their similarities and differences. A usual starting point is to say that both crime and deviance challenge or threaten accepted values and norms of behaviour. We therefore need to begin by looking at these two terms. Norms and values - Values are general principles or guidelines for how long we should live our lives. They tell us what is right and wrong, good and bad Norms while values ay down general principles or guidelines, norms are specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern people's behaviour in particular situations. An example of a value that is found in all societies is respect for human life. Other values may be specific to particular societies. i>E societies such as the UK and the USA place a high value on individuals accumulating personal wealth, which is seen as a worthy go...

 Job design -  The job characteristic mode by Hackman and Oldham is a theory that underpins design and its three principles are: job enrichment job enlargement working in groups designing satisfying and fulfilling jobs is a non financial methods of motivating employees. Hackman and Oldham's model: Jobs characteristic model -  core job characteristics - critical psychological states - outcomes Skill variety, Task identity, task significance - meaningfulness - work motivation autonomy - responsibility - growth satisfaction                                           - general satisfaction feedback from job - knowledge of results - work effectiveness Job enrichment- definition: Giving employees greater responsibiities by offering them more challenge to use their skills more fully. Herzberg saw job enrichment as a non financial method of motivation This usually means th...

 Unit 3.1 - Setting marketing objectives Marketing -  The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitability.  - Chartered institute of Marketing (CIM) definition It is about more than just advertising Marketing involves a range of activities including: - Market research  - Setting prices - Designing and using promotion methods, including advertising - Designing the product and packaging  - Deciding where to sell the goods/services - Managing distribution channels - Customer service and communicating with customers - The method of selling the good/service Purpose of marketing -  Anticipating consumers wants - This can be done through carrying out market research to discover what the customer wants and what might make them purchase the good/service. It can also be used to analyse the market the firm intends to enter, including market size, number of rivals, current trends, average prices charged, e...